Trees and shrubs are not only beautiful additions to our gardens but also play a crucial role in the ecosystem. However, there is a silent threat that can gradually lead to the death of trees - tree girdling. In this article, we will explore what causes this common problem, how to avoid it, and most importantly, how to save a girdled tree from meeting its untimely end.

Tree girdling occurs when the bark of a tree is damaged in a complete circle around the trunk or a major branch. The bark of a tree is not just a protective layer; it contains the phloem, which is responsible for transporting the sugars produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the tree, including the roots. When the phloem is disrupted due to girdling, the flow of these essential nutrients is cut off, and over time, the tree will starve to death.

Causes of Tree Girdling

There are several factors that can cause tree girdling. One of the most common causes is improper pruning. When branches are cut too close to the trunk or at the wrong angle, it can damage the bark and lead to girdling. This is why it is essential to follow proper pruning techniques. For example, when removing a branch, it should be cut at the branch collar, which is the swollen area where the branch meets the trunk. This allows the tree to heal properly and reduces the risk of girdling.

Another cause of tree girdling is the presence of animals. Rodents, such as mice and rabbits, may chew on the bark of young trees during the winter months when other food sources are scarce. This can cause significant damage, especially to thin - barked trees. In addition, deer may rub their antlers against tree trunks, which can also lead to girdling. To protect trees from animal damage, physical barriers such as tree guards can be installed. These guards can be made of materials like plastic or metal and should be tall enough to prevent animals from reaching the bark.

Human activities can also contribute to tree girdling. Construction work near trees can accidentally damage the bark. For instance, when heavy equipment is used, it may scrape against the tree trunk, causing a girdling wound. In addition, improper installation of cables or wires around trees can also lead to girdling over time as the materials can cut into the bark as the tree grows.

How to Avoid Tree Girdling

To avoid tree girdling, proper tree care and maintenance are essential. First, when planting a tree, it is important to choose a suitable location. The tree should have enough space to grow without being crowded by other plants or structures. This reduces the risk of accidental damage during maintenance activities.

Regular inspection of trees is also crucial. By checking the trees regularly, you can detect any signs of girdling early. Look for areas where the bark is damaged, peeling, or has a circular wound. If you notice any such signs, take immediate action to address the problem.

Proper pruning is another key aspect of avoiding tree girdling. As mentioned earlier, follow correct pruning techniques. Use sharp and clean pruning tools to make clean cuts. Avoid over - pruning, as this can also stress the tree and make it more susceptible to girdling.

Saving a Girdled Tree

If you discover that a tree has been girdled, there are still some steps you can take to save it. One method is bridge grafting. This technique involves taking small branches, called scions, from the same or a compatible tree and grafting them across the girdled area. The scions act as a bridge, allowing the phloem to re - establish the flow of nutrients. Bridge grafting should be done during the tree's dormant season, usually in late winter or early spring.

Another approach is to provide the tree with extra care and support. This includes watering the tree regularly, especially during dry periods, and fertilizing it appropriately. A well - nourished tree is more likely to recover from girdling. However, it is important not to over - water or over - fertilize, as this can cause more harm than good.

In some cases, if the girdling is severe and the tree is not likely to recover, it may be necessary to remove the tree. This should be done carefully to prevent any further damage to the surrounding area. Before removing a tree, it is advisable to consult with a professional arborist.

In conclusion, tree girdling is a serious problem that can have a significant impact on the health and longevity of trees. By understanding the causes, taking preventive measures, and knowing how to save a girdled tree, we can ensure that our trees and shrubs continue to thrive in our gardens and contribute to a healthy ecosystem.